Does Gabapentin (neurontin) cause weight gain?

Let me tell you about Sam, a healthy and active 49 year-old man who loves to snowboard. After a bad fall and hand injury, he developed chronic pain that interfered with his daily life. One of his doctors prescribed gabapentin to treat his pain and increased the dose until the pain was almost completely gone. Sam was thrilled to resume all of his activities and sleep well again, but over time he noticed more difficulty controlling his weight.  After gaining a few pounds each month over the course of a year (despite no change in his daily habits) he came to our clinic desperate for help with the unexplained weight gain.

It turns out that the gabapentin was the likely culprit of Sam’s extra weight. This type of medication-related weight gain is actually relatively common (and can also be seen with beta blockers, antibiotics, and more. This can be really frustrating when losing weight is already so difficult! In this article we’ll talk more about gabapentin specifically - what it is, what the research says about the potential for gabapentin to cause weight gain, and what you can do about it. 

What is Gabapentin?

Gabapentin, also known as brand names Neurontin^Ⓡ, Gralise^Ⓡ, and Horizant^Ⓡ, is an anti-seizure medication that has been prescribed in the US since the early 1990’s. Gabapentin is FDA-approved to treat moderate-to-severe restless leg syndrome, partial seizures, and nerve pain after shingles. In addition to these indications, gabapentin is frequently used off-label for a number of conditions. Symptoms may include chronic pain, fibromyalgia, anxiety, irritable bowel syndrome, migraines, and alcohol withdrawal, just to name a few. Note that prescribing medications off-label (using an FDA-approved drug for an unapproved use) is a fairly common practice, accounting for 10-20% of prescriptions. It is also legal for prescribers to do.

What are some common side effects of Gabapentin?

While gabapentin can be helpful to treat the conditions described above, there are some common side effects. These include: 

• Fatigue
• Dizziness
• Swelling
• Headache
• Nausea and vomiting 
• Fever
• Recurring infections
• Difficulty speaking
• Movement and coordination problems
• Weight gain  

As with all medications, not every person taking gabapentin will experience side effects. It’s also important to note that more serious side effects can occur. If you experience new symptoms after starting gabapentin, ask your doctor if they could be a medication side effect. This article will focus on the potential for gabapentin to cause weight gain. 

Does Gabapentin cause weight gain?

Yes, gabapentin can cause weight gain. One review article looking at weight gain from medications found an average weight gain of almost 5 pounds after just 1.5 months on gabapentin. Another study looking at weight changes after a longer course of the medication found that over half of participants gained more than 5% of their baseline body weight, with 23% of participants gaining more than 10% of their baseline weight. While weight gain after starting gabapentin isn’t guaranteed, studies suggest significant weight gain is certainly possible.

Why does Gabapentin cause weight gain?

The reason why gabapentin causes weight gain isn’t entirely clear, but other side effects of the medication may be part of the problem. Fatigue, which is the most common side effect of gabapentin, could lead to limited physical activity and subsequent weight gain. Swelling, which occurs in about 8% of patients, would also make the scale go up. There are some reports that gabapentin causes an increase in appetite, but more research is needed. 

How to stop or reverse weight gain from Gabapentin

Medication-related weight gain is common, but there are things you can do to stop or reverse weight gain from gabapentin and other weight-promoting medications. 

1. Talk to your healthcare provider about other options

If you gain weight after starting gabapentin, talk to your doctor to determine if the medication could be the cause. You can also discuss other options that are less likely to cause weight gain. However, it’s important that you don’t just stop taking your medication without first talking to your healthcare provider. 

2. Eat a healthy, reduced-calorie diet

Consuming a reduced-calorie diet that consists of fruits and vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats is essential for weight loss. If you need assistance with doing this, a Registered Dietitian is a great resource to help you get started. 

3. Participate in regular physical activity

Incorporating regular physical activity into your day is an important part of weight management. If you’re feeling fatigued as a result of your medication, talk to your doctor about what time of day you should take the medication. Also keep in mind that you don’t have to participate in high intensity activity to lose weight. Incorporating more steps into your day can have a beneficial effect on your weight and your energy level. 

4. Self-monitoring

Tracking what you eat, your activity level, and your weight have all been proven to help you lose weight and keep it off. Whether you use a basic journal or something more tech-savvy like an app, all can be beneficial in managing your weight.

5. Get adequate sleep

An often overlooked but important factor in weight management is sleep. Aim to get at least 7 hours of uninterrupted sleep per night. If you’re having trouble sleeping or you wake up feeling unrefreshed, talk to your healthcare provider about potential causes and treatments. 

How Form Health can help you with your Gabapentin-related weight gain

If you haven’t been successful losing weight gained from taking a medication like gabapentin, Form Health could help. The board certified health care professionals at Form Health have extensive expertise in medication-induced weight gain. Our experts will work with you to develop a personalized treatment plan using science-based tools like behavioral health, nutrition, physical activity, and FDA-approved medication, if appropriate. Take our quiz to see if you’re a candidate.

Neurontin^Ⓡ is a registered trademark of Pfizer Inc. 

Gralise^Ⓡ is a registered trademark of Almatica Pharma, LLC. 

Horizant^Ⓡ is a registered trademark of Arbor Pharmaceuticals, LLC.